When looking at symbolism in this novel, it seems that a lot of the symbols have religious ties. Earth for example is so hot that people cannot go outside during the day or they will burn similar to hell, or the pit of fire. Earth is portrayed as some would think of as hell. The colonies are also somewhat tied into this imagery of hell. People are miserable on both the colonies and Earth, although Earth seems to the better of the two options to me. Sand on the colonies is making work difficult because it gets in the way similar to a plague like locusts. Another symbol would be the three stigmata and the trinity except the stigmata seemed to be an unholy trinity. When some people took the drug Chew-Z they felt an evil presence and all things evil are considered to be of Satan so Eldritch could have symbolized Satan since the drug was his. Plus Eldritch was advertising eternal life through the pills and people who had taken them felt an "evil presence" when in a hallucination. Seems very likely that Eldritch was symbolizing Satan.
Theme & Escapism
The themes of substance abuse, religion, and intentional sped-up evolution are central to the story and are relevant in today’s society. In the novel, people's realities are so horrible they must find ways to cope with everything. In today’s society, there have been many stories about overdosing on drugs like cocaine, weed, etc. I know of people within my hometown, school’s town and nearby smaller towns where several people smoke week. Evolving in a social sense seems to be the main goal of America’s younger generations. Climbing the social ladder to be the "most popular", which does not necessarily mean due to their kindess but rather in anyway possible. Watching young girls try to dress and act grown-up as well as wearing too much make-up seem to be what is needed for them to be popular. The younger kids seem to be more focused on being popular with people than being successful in school. Hence gossip has taken a higher standing than actual knowledge creating shallow superficial children seemingly incapable of intelligent conversation and manners.
There are several other things that today’s world is using to escape and I will name a few. One example would be drinking: how many people do you know that drink alcohol excessively? Most could have a reason for it, with the majority being wanting to forget something. Another example would be video games, especially when players become more concerned with their online lives more than there realistic ones. There are extreme cases of people spending every waking moment completely involved with their "online life". They can be whatever they choose online and don't have to worry about putting their true selves out there to be made fun of or physically being hurt. But that opens them up to emotional and mental abuse. Or they can possibly start to think of their online life as reality. Books can even be forms of escape. Moving around as often as we did, it was hard to make friends at first and when traveling so I would bury myself in my books because I was able to “live” in that world while I read. Losing yourself in a book isn't bad, unless you start to feel being that involved in a book as if it's your real life.